The core value of a titanium grades chart lies in unifying different national standard systems within a single reference framework. A complete chart not only includes grade correspondences but also provides fundamental performance parameters and characteristic descriptions, serving as a basis for preliminary material selection.
The table below summarizes the characteristics, parameters, and application fields of internationally mainstream titanium grades.
| Grade | Type | Primary Composition | Tensile Strength (MPa) | Characteristics | Application | Price Range (USD/kg) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gr1 (TA1) | Industrial Pure Titanium | Ti ≥99.5% | 240-370 | High ductility, excellent corrosion resistance | Chemical piping, medical implants | $11-$19 |
| Gr2 (TA2) | Industrial Grade Titanium | Ti (balance), Fe≤0.30, O≤0.25 | 440-500 | Moderate strength, good corrosion resistance | Seawater cooling systems, pumps/valves/piping | $12-$21 |
| Gr5 (TC4) | α+β type | Ti-6Al-4V | 895-1100 | High strength, good overall properties | Aerospace structural components, medical, high-end sports equipment | $44-$77 |
| Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo | Near-α | Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo | 860-900 | Excellent high-temperature stability | Aero engine compressor components | - |
| Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al | β-type | Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al | 1200-1350 | Ultra-high strength, age-hardenable | Aircraft landing gear, racing connecting rods | - |
| BT9 (Russian standard) | Near-α type | Ti-6.5Al-3.5Mo-1.5Zr-0.3Si | - | Excellent high-temperature strength and creep resistance | Aero engine discs, blades, rotors | - |
Different industrial sectors develop distinct preferences for titanium grades based on specific operating environments, performance requirements, and cost considerations. In aerospace, Gr5 (TC4) is the preferred choice for aircraft landing gear, airframe structures, and rocket engine casings due to its outstanding balance of strength, weldability, and fatigue properties.
For engine components like compressor disks and blades, which demand extreme high-temperature resistance, heat-resistant alloys such as Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo and TC11 (Russian standard BT9) are more commonly employed. Marine engineering confronts deep-sea high-pressure and corrosive environments. The new Ti551 titanium alloy, while ensuring high strength and stress corrosion resistance, offers superior cost-effectiveness, making it highly suitable for manufacturing pressure hulls of deep-sea submersibles.
In chemical processing and general manufacturing, the pursuit lies in balancing corrosion resistance with cost. Consequently, industrial pure titanium grades like Gr1 and Gr2 are extensively used to manufacture heat exchangers, reactors, and piping systems.
The medical industry prioritizes biocompatibility and durability. Grade 5 (TC4) and its low-interstitial-element variants (TC4 ELI) are ideal materials for manufacturing long-term implants like artificial joints and bone plates.
To enhance performance in extremely harsh environments, some titanium alloys incorporate precious metals like palladium and ruthenium. These alloys are typically categorized separately in titanium alloy grade charts, characterized by unparalleled corrosion resistance, particularly in reducing acidic media.
For instance, ASTM grades Gr7 and Gr11 incorporate metallic palladium into industrial pure titanium. This trace addition dramatically enhances corrosion resistance in non-oxidizing environments like hydrochloric and sulfuric acids. Despite the high initial material cost, using palladium-containing titanium alloys for critical equipment in the chemical industry—such as reactors, heat exchangers, and pumps/valves—significantly extends equipment lifespan. This often proves more economical over the entire lifecycle.
(Dongsheng Precious Metal Recycling Factory recycles this type of titanium alloy at high prices)
The existence of these high-end materials underscores the irreplaceable role of the titanium grade chart in material selection for specialized operating conditions.
In practical applications, titanium grades charts are integral to every stage of project selection, design, procurement, and manufacturing. An experienced engineer selecting materials for new equipment will first consult these tables to compare equivalent materials across different standard systems—a critical step in international collaborative projects.
For instance, when designing chemical equipment for a European client specifying Gr2 titanium in drawings, consulting the conversion table allows rapid identification of the corresponding Chinese national standard material TA2 for procurement and processing. This ensures material properties meet design requirements while preventing procurement errors and schedule delays caused by standard discrepancies.
Furthermore, as sustainable development principles gain prominence, the titanium alloy recycling industry grows increasingly vital. An efficient recycling process relies on precise identification of scrap composition, making the titanium alloy grade conversion table a foundational tool for classifying different grades of titanium waste. Internationally, specialized standards for titanium alloy recycling exist, such as GB/T 45057-2024 “Recycled Titanium Ingots.” This standard regulates the processing of recycled titanium alloy materials, ensures the quality of recycled titanium ingots, and drives the industrial development of titanium recycling.
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